Qualcomm Adreno 630 vs Qualcomm Adreno 619 vs Qualcomm Adreno 680
Qualcomm Adreno 630 ► remove from comparison
Die Qualcomm Adreno 630 ist eine im Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 ARM-SoC integrierte Grafikeinheit für Smartphones und Tablets. Der Chip ist ab Anfang 2018 erhältlich und wird hauptsächlich in Android-basierten High-End Geräten eingesetzt.
Laut Qualcomm bietet die Adreno 630 GPU eine um 30% höhere Performance als die alte Adreno 530 im Snapdrago 835 bei 30% weniger Stromverbrauch.
Qualcomm Adreno 619 ► remove from comparison
Die Qualcomm Adreno 619 ist eine im Qualcomm Snapdragon 750G verbaute Grafikeinheit für Smartphones und Tablets (hauptsächlich Android basiert). Sie ist in der unteren Mittelklasse positioniert.
Die Adreno 600 Serie unterstützt laut Wikipedia Vulkan 1.0, OpenGL ES 3.2, OpenCL 2.0 Full und DirectX 11_1. Der Chip sollte daher ein abgespeckter Adreno 630 (weniger Shader?) sein.
Qualcomm Adreno 680 ► remove from comparison
Die Qualcomm Adreno 680 ist eine im Qualcomm Snapdragon 8cx ARM-SoC integrierte Grafikeinheit für Windows-Notebooks und Tablets. Der Chip soll ab Mitte/Ende 2019 erhältlich sein. Architekturell ist die GPU ähnlich zum Adreno 640 . Laut Qualcomm 2x schneller als die alte Adreno 630 im Snapdragon 850 für Windows Laptops bei 60% verbesserter Effizienz.
Die Leistung soll verleichbar mit einer Intel UHD Graphics 620 sein, jedoch nur bei nativ für ARM64 kompilierten Spielen und Programmen. Im Emulator laufen nur 32-Bit-Applikationen (keine 64-Bit für AMD/Intel kompilierte) und mit einem deutlichen Geschwindigkeitsnachteil.
Qualcomm Adreno 630 Qualcomm Adreno 619 Qualcomm Adreno 680 Adreno 600 Serie Shared Memory ja ja ja API DirectX 12, OpenGL ES 3.2 DirectX 12.1, OpenGL ES 3.2, Vulkan DirectX 12 Herstellungsprozess 10 nm 8 nm 7 nm Features OpenGL ES 3.2, OpenCL 2.0, DirectX 12 OpenGL ES 3.2, OpenCL 2.0, Direct3D 12 (FL 12_1) Erscheinungsdatum 12.02.2018 15.12.2015 06.12.2018 Architektur Adreno 600 Stromverbrauch 7 Watt
Benchmarks 3DMark - 3DMark Ice Storm Unlimited Graphics
min: 36810 avg: 78986 median: 81385.5 (8%) max: 85487 Points
min: 54788 avg: 55662 median: 55911 (6%) max: 56286 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Ice Storm Extreme Graphics
27848 Points (3%)
3DMark - 3DMark Cloud Gate Score
3108 Points (3%)
3DMark - 3DMark Cloud Gate Graphics
6347 Points (2%)
3DMark - 3DMark Fire Strike Standard Score
770 Points (1%)
3DMark - 3DMark Fire Strike Standard Graphics
821 Points (1%)
3DMark - 3DMark Ice Storm Graphics
30971 Points (3%)
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot (ES 3.0) Unlimited
min: 4034 avg: 5761 median: 6083 (26%) max: 6568 Points
min: 3602 avg: 4041 median: 4118 (18%) max: 4286 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot (ES 3.0) Unlimited Graphics
min: 5228 avg: 7671 median: 8245 (18%) max: 8451 Points
min: 3817 avg: 4280 median: 4298 (9%) max: 4573 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot Extreme (ES 3.1) Unlimited
min: 3512 avg: 4589 median: 4765 (24%) max: 5200 Points
min: 2536 avg: 2906 median: 2981.5 (15%) max: 3107 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot Extreme (ES 3.1) Unlimited Graphics
min: 4133 avg: 5424 median: 5673 (17%) max: 8206 Points
min: 2412 avg: 2788 median: 2834 (8%) max: 3008 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot (ES 3.0)
min: 4363 avg: 5811 median: 6118 (54%) max: 6454 Points
min: 2825 avg: 3855 median: 3993.5 (35%) max: 4156 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot (ES 3.0) Graphics
min: 5637 avg: 7763 median: 8179 (49%) max: 8312 Points
min: 3647 avg: 4097 median: 4145 (25%) max: 4414 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot Extreme (ES 3.1)
min: 3197 avg: 4388 median: 4617 (23%) max: 4734 Points
min: 1757 avg: 2728 median: 2812.5 (14%) max: 2983 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Sling Shot Extreme (ES 3.1) Graphics
min: 3488 avg: 4919 median: 5158 (17%) max: 5246 Points
min: 1593 avg: 2593 median: 2655.5 (9%) max: 2845 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Wild Life Unlimited
min: 635 avg: 1119 median: 1196 (1%) max: 1578 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Wild Life Extreme Unlimited
min: 189 avg: 329.9 median: 351 (0%) max: 410 Points
3DMark - 3DMark Night Raid
2636 Points (2%)
3DMark - 3DMark Night Raid Graphics Score
3037 Points (1%)
3DMark 11 - 3DM11 Performance Score
min: 1650 avg: 1847 median: 1847 (2%) max: 2044 Points
3DMark 11 - 3DM11 Performance GPU
min: 1593 avg: 1936 median: 1935.5 (2%) max: 2278 Points
Cinebench R10 Cinebench R10 Shading (32bit) + Qualcomm Adreno 630 Cinebench R10 - Cinebench R10 Shading (32bit)
257 Points (0%)
Cinebench R10 Shading (32bit) + Qualcomm Adreno 680 353 Points (0%)
GFXBench - GFXBench 5.0 4K Aztec Ruins High Tier Offscreen
min: 2.9 avg: 3.5 median: 3.5 (1%) max: 4 fps
GFXBench - GFXBench 5.0 Aztec Ruins High Tier Offscreen
min: 11 avg: 15.6 median: 14 (3%) max: 31 fps
min: 3.3 avg: 7.4 median: 7.7 (1%) max: 8.9 fps
GFXBench - GFXBench 5.0 Aztec Ruins Normal Tier Offscreen
min: 29 avg: 35.2 median: 37 (3%) max: 38 fps
min: 17 avg: 20.2 median: 21 (2%) max: 23 fps
GFXBench - GFXBench Car Chase Offscreen
min: 25 avg: 33.4 median: 35 (4%) max: 35 fps
min: 16 avg: 18.5 median: 19 (2%) max: 21 fps
GFXBench 3.1 - GFXBench Manhattan ES 3.1 Offscreen
min: 20.63 avg: 52.5 median: 58 (1%) max: 61 fps
min: 26 avg: 32.5 median: 34 (1%) max: 36 fps
GFXBench 3.0 - GFXBench 3.0 Manhattan Offscreen
min: 54 avg: 73.1 median: 75 (4%) max: 83 fps
min: 33 avg: 45.5 median: 46 (3%) max: 68 fps
GFXBench (DX / GLBenchmark) 2.7 GFXBench T-Rex HD Offscreen C24Z16 + Qualcomm Adreno 630 GFXBench (DX / GLBenchmark) 2.7 - GFXBench T-Rex HD Offscreen C24Z16
min: 88.2 avg: 140.2 median: 150 (1%) max: 152 fps
GFXBench T-Rex HD Offscreen C24Z16 + Qualcomm Adreno 619
min: 55 avg: 88.2 median: 91 (1%) max: 100 fps
GFXBench T-Rex HD Offscreen C24Z16 + Qualcomm Adreno 680
140.2 fps (1%)
Antutu v9 - AnTuTu v9 GPU
min: 65241 avg: 91752 median: 97328 (12%) max: 106719 Points
Basemark GPU 1.2 - Basemark GPU 1.2 Vulkan Official Medium Offscreen 1080
min: 19.62 avg: 27.1 median: 26.9 (0%) max: 31.27 fps
Geekbench 6.3 - Geekbench 6.3 GPU OpenCL
min: 1363 avg: 1377 median: 1377.5 (0%) max: 1391 Points
Geekbench 6.3 - Geekbench 6.3 GPU Vulkan
min: 1119 avg: 1168 median: 1160 (0%) max: 1231 Points
ComputeMark v2.1 - ComputeMark v2.1 Result
1890 Points (2%)
PassMark PerformanceTest Mobile V1 - PerformanceTest Mobile V1 2D Graphics Tests
min: 10791 avg: 11937 median: 11936.5 (4%) max: 13082 Points
min: 8763 avg: 68002 median: 26723 (9%) max: 291780 Points
PassMark PerformanceTest Mobile V1 - PerformanceTest Mobile V1 3D Graphics Tests
min: 4195 avg: 4225 median: 4225 (7%) max: 4255 Points
min: 3274 avg: 20485 median: 22822.5 (38%) max: 28746 Points
Power Consumption - Furmark Stress Test Power Consumption - external Monitor *
12.6 Watt (2%)
Power Consumption - GFXBench Aztec Ruins Normal Tier Offscreen Power Consumption 150cd *
min: 2.69 avg: 3.7 median: 3.4 (1%) max: 7.31 Watt
Average Benchmarks Qualcomm Adreno 630 → 100% n=1 Average Benchmarks Qualcomm Adreno 619 → 61% n=1 Average Benchmarks Qualcomm Adreno 680 → 93% n=1
- Bereich der Benchmarkergebnisse für diese Grafikkarte
- Durchschnittliche Benchmarkergebnisse für diese Grafikkarte
* Smaller numbers mean a higher performance
1 This benchmark is not used for the average calculation
Spiele-Benchmarks Die folgenden Benchmarks basieren auf unseren Spieletests mit Testnotebooks. Die Performance dieser Grafikkarte bei den gelisteten Spielen ist abhängig von der verwendeten CPU, Speicherausstattung, Treiber und auch Betriebssystem. Dadurch müssen die untenstehenden Werte nicht repräsentativ sein. Detaillierte Informationen über das verwendete System sehen Sie nach einem Klick auf den fps-Wert.
Adreno 619:
29.7 [X] Motorola Moto G85 Qualcomm Snapdragon 6s Gen 3 2GHz
Adreno 619
min:
25 fps, P1:
25 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 30 [X] Nokia G42 2.0.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 Plus 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
29 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 ~ 30 fps
Adreno 619:
29.4 [X] Motorola Moto G85 Qualcomm Snapdragon 6s Gen 3 2GHz
Adreno 619
min:
21 fps, P1:
22.28 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 [X] Nokia G42 2.0.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 Plus 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
26 fps, max:
32 fps
30 30 ~ 30 fps
Adreno 619:
30 [X] Honor Magic4 Lite 3.2.0.5531
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
28 fps, max:
30 fps
fps
Adreno 619:
60 [X] Sony Xperia 10 V 4.3.0.6993
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
56 fps, max:
61 fps
fps
Adreno 619:
20 [X] Motorola Moto G34 4.5.0_21307647_21321795
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
max:
28 fps
29.8 [X] Motorola Moto G85 Qualcomm Snapdragon 6s Gen 3 2GHz
Adreno 619
min:
15 fps, P1:
21.4 fps, max:
39 fps
45 [X] Nokia XR21 3.7.0_14806628_14807925
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
25 fps, max:
60 fps
54 ~ 37 fps
Adreno 619:
36 [X] Nokia XR21 3.7.0_14806628_14807925
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
29 fps, max:
47 fps
fps
Adreno 619:
20 [X] Motorola Moto G34 4.5.0_21307647_21321795
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
max:
20 fps
28 [X] Nokia XR21 3.7.0_14806628_14807925
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
18 fps, max:
41 fps
29.3 [X] Motorola Moto G85 Qualcomm Snapdragon 6s Gen 3 2GHz
Adreno 619
min:
11 fps, P1:
21.4 fps, max:
30 fps
30 ~ 27 fps
Adreno 619:
30 30 30 30 [X] Motorola Moto G51 1.61.6
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 Plus 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
28 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 [X] Nokia G42 1.61.6
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 Plus 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
28 fps, max:
31 fps
59 60 60 [X] Nokia X20 1.59.7
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
55 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] Nokia X10 1.60.13
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
51 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] Nokia XR20 1.60.13
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
58 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] Realme 9 Pro 1.61.6
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
59 fps, max:
60 fps
60 60 60 [X] Nokia X30 1.61.6
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
55 fps, max:
61 fps
60 77 86 89 90 95 98 ~ 60 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
60 [X] OnePlus 6 0.5.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
46 fps, max:
60 fps
fps
100%
Adreno 630:
40 [X] OnePlus 6 0.5.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
36 fps, max:
41 fps
40 [X] Xiaomi Poco F1 0.8.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
11 fps, max:
41 fps
~ 40 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
30 [X] OnePlus 6 0.5.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
27 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] HTC U12 Plus 0.5.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
1 fps, max:
41 fps
30 30 35 [X] LG G7 ThinQ 0.5.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
28 fps, max:
42 fps
40 40 40 40 [X] Xiaomi Poco F1 0.8.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
18 fps, max:
41 fps
40 40 [X] LG V40 ThinQ 0.10.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
7 fps, max:
41 fps
~ 36 fps
86%
Adreno 619:
28 [X] Nokia X20 1.3.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
13 fps, max:
31 fps
29.3 [X] Motorola Moto G85 Qualcomm Snapdragon 6s Gen 3 2GHz
Adreno 619
min:
18 fps, P1:
23.04 fps, max:
30 fps
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 [X] Nokia X10 1.5.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
28 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] Nokia XR20 1.5.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
29 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] Motorola Moto G51 1.8.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 Plus 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
27 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] Realme 9 Pro 1.9.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
26 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 [X] Nokia X30 2.2.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
28 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 30 [X] Xiaomi Poco X5 2.6.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
27 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 [X] Nokia XR21 2.6.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G 1.7GHz
Adreno 619
min:
28 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] Nokia G42 2.7.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 Plus 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
27 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 30 30 30 60 ~ 31 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
60 [X] HTC U12 Plus 4.10.0.604
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
57 fps, max:
61 fps
fps
100%
Adreno 630:
31 60 60 60 [X] OnePlus 6 1.22.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
58 fps, max:
60 fps
60 60 [X] OnePlus 6T 1.25.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
58 fps, max:
60 fps
60 60 60 [X] Xiaomi Mi 8 1.27.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
56 fps, max:
60 fps
61 ~ 57 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
44 [X] LG G7 ThinQ 1.22.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
27 fps, max:
61 fps
58 59 60 60 60 [X] OnePlus 6 1.22.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
50 fps, max:
60 fps
60 60 60 60 60 [X] Xiaomi Poco F1 1.24.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
34 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] OnePlus 6T 1.25.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
56 fps, max:
60 fps
60 60 60 [X] Xiaomi Mi 8 1.27.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
57 fps, max:
60 fps
61 [X] Asus ROG Phone 1.25.1.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
40 fps, max:
63 fps
~ 59 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
60 60 60 [X] OnePlus 6 1.10.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
18 fps, max:
60 fps
60 [X] OnePlus 6T 1.14.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
59 fps, max:
61 fps
60 ~ 60 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
60 60 60 [X] OnePlus 6 1.10.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
1 fps, max:
60 fps
60 60 60 [X] OnePlus 6T 1.14.2
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
59 fps, max:
61 fps
60 ~ 60 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
60 60 60 60 [X] Razer Phone 2 4.0.21221
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
50 fps, max:
61 fps
~ 60 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
60 60 [X] LG V40 ThinQ 4.2.22023
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
57 fps, max:
61 fps
109 [X] Razer Phone 2 4.0.21221
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
75 fps, max:
121 fps
~ 76 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
29 [X] Xiaomi Mi 8 1.4.1a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
27 fps, max:
30 fps
30 30 [X] OnePlus 6T 1.1.4a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
28 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 ~ 30 fps
100%
Adreno 619:
30 30 [X] Nokia X20 2.8.4a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
22 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] Motorola Moto G51 3.3.5a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 Plus 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
25 fps, max:
31 fps
~ 30 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
30 30 30 [X] OnePlus 6T 1.1.4a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
27 fps, max:
31 fps
30 30 30 [X] Xiaomi Mi 8 1.4.1a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
28 fps, max:
30 fps
61 ~ 34 fps
88%
Adreno 619:
30 30 30 [X] Nokia X20 2.8.4a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
19 fps, max:
31 fps
30 [X] Motorola Moto G51 3.3.5a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 480 Plus 5G 1.8GHz
Adreno 619
min:
24 fps, max:
31 fps
30 ~ 30 fps
100%
Adreno 630:
60 [X] Razer Phone 2 7.0.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
39 fps, max:
61 fps
fps
100%
Adreno 630:
101 [X] Razer Phone 2 7.0.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
46 fps, max:
121 fps
fps
100%
Adreno 630:
60 [X] Asus ROG Phone 1.95.0
Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 2.8GHz
Adreno 630
min:
58 fps, max:
62 fps
fps
Average Gaming Qualcomm Adreno 630 → 100% Average Gaming 30-70 fps → 100%
Average Gaming Qualcomm Adreno 619 → 106% Average Gaming 30-70 fps → 84%
v1.28
log 14. 06:24:17
#0 ran 0s before starting gpusingle class +0s ... 0s
#1 checking url part for id 8780 +0s ... 0s
#2 checking url part for id 10584 +0s ... 0s
#3 checking url part for id 9846 +0s ... 0s
#4 redirected to Ajax server, took 1731561856s time from redirect:1 +0s ... 0s
#5 did not recreate cache, as it is less than 5 days old! Created at Wed, 13 Nov 2024 05:16:40 +0100 +0s ... 0s
#6 composed specs +0.002s ... 0.003s
#7 did output specs +0s ... 0.003s
#8 start showIntegratedCPUs +0s ... 0.003s
#9 getting avg benchmarks for device 8780 +0.02s ... 0.022s
#10 got single benchmarks 8780 +0.003s ... 0.025s
#11 getting avg benchmarks for device 10584 +0s ... 0.026s
#12 got single benchmarks 10584 +0.04s ... 0.065s
#13 getting avg benchmarks for device 9846 +0s ... 0.066s
#14 got single benchmarks 9846 +0.004s ... 0.07s
#15 got avg benchmarks for devices +0s ... 0.07s
#16 min, max, avg, median took s +0.025s ... 0.095s
#17 before gaming benchmark output +0s ... 0.095s
#18 Got 210 rows for game benchmarks. +0.03s ... 0.126s
#19 composed SQL query for gamebenchmarks +0s ... 0.126s
#20 got data and put it in $dataArray +0.001s ... 0.126s
#21 benchmarks composed for output. +0.007s ... 0.133s
#22 calculated avg scores. +0s ... 0.133s
#23 return log +0s ... 0.133s
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Autor: Klaus Hinum, 8.09.2017 (Update: 1.07.2023)